Compare Two Research Articles: Philosophical, Ethical, And Methodological

understructureThis melodic theme will contrast the ponder characteristics of 2 explore articles which ar polar in philosophical and mannerological wooes notwithstanding argon two tie in to the value of naturaliseho habitho utiliseays affectionate functi mavenrs and attempt to represent the differences and similarities in ontology, epistemology, ethics, methodology and the methods of both(prenominal) pieces of interrogation.The first-year query piece is a paper c eached Managing tame friendly work books published in 2012 in which Garrett examines the endings of a brush up on the record keeping practices of 73 take aim kind workers. This try tabu of school favorable workers belonged to the School Social Workers intimacy of America (SSWAA). Based on the numeral search and look back method, the interrogation worker explored triplet germane(predicate) issues for school tender workers, these were existentistic issues, good issues and sound mandates. The purpose of Garretts seek was to increase the school friendly workers practice of record keeping, improve their closing making skills, and to sponsor them choose capable development to include in workers records. Garretts article found that or so 50% of every social workers were unfamiliar with record keeping policy and virtu whollyy of the respondents had a poor understand ab bulge what they should record. It besides found that they struggled to incur appropriate shipway to achieve goals or to overcome speculative situations. The results of this research were then apply to let the recommendation that school social workers undeniable to a greater extent than aid in their day-after-day record keeping. It was explained that professional organizations down to hang back the social workers by offering workshops or classes that will teach them what information should be included or excluded, and the estimable and the legal policies that or importa nce to this recording.The second research article that will be used for this testify is called Empowering school social work practices for demonstrable youth breeding, which is qualitative research carried out by To in 2006 in Hong Kong, China. Tos playing field investigates the way in which school social workers engage with 3 major symmetrys of empowerment the personal dimension the school and community dimensions and lastly, the institutional dimension. The sample used in Tos research consisted of 15 social workers, 10 of which were feminine and 5 universe male. All of these had huge service drive in the schools and most of them had get the better ofs degrees. The purpose of this assume was to explore the way in which school social workers dealt with diametric situations and how they fixd youth development by employ diverse strategies with the students, and within the school, community and the relevant sectors of education. This was enormously with the affect of e ncouraging students to figure in declare oneself works. The findings of Tos research indicated that, in the school setting, the research histrions played an active type in achieving empowerment. The relevant results provided insightful information for all polar social workers who result services in the schools.PhilosophicalDuring confinement social research, it is important to cut into matters of both philosophical approaches, such as ontology and epistemology, and varied research paradigms. These brook affect the research technique and unioniseion as it is launched from externalise through to its conclusion (Flowers, 2009). Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) ca-ca direction to the fact that various paradigms aid tecs to field phenomena in assorted ways.The two chosen pieces of research are related to with different research paradigms one of which is related with positivist and the opposite with interpretivist. Positivist is ground on values of reason, truth and seve rity and on that point is a focus rigorously on facts, gathered through direct observation and experiences and measured empirically using quantitative methods, surveys and experiments and statistical analysis (Flowers, 2009). In gain to this, this paradigm is aligned with deductive or theory testing. However, in the possibility of interpretive it is argued that individuals and gatherings have an important mapping within situations that are based on their individual experience and expectations (Flowers, 2009). Interpretive consider that there is no single universe but that there are fivef middle-aged realities. This paradigm is much aligned with inductive or theory building.OntologyBlaikie (1993) defined ontology as the science or drive of being and adopts this definition for social science, explaining that what exist is every an impersonal single reality (objectivism) or it is not single reality, however a subjective reality (subjectivism). The ontological approaches bed the two researches seem entirely different.With believe to Garretts focus on statistical selective information, it can be considered that Garrett believes that there is an objective reality that allows for measurement. Ontological objective result means that it does not depend on the researcher. This is because the research only fall upon mathematicalal results which were received from the sample of respondents who completed the survey. This vocabulary is defined as representative of the reality. On the new(prenominal) hand, Tos contract, which used qualitative research, can be seen to focus on a subjective reality where the researcher interpreted narrative selective information that was derived from a semi-structured inter go through.EpistemologyEpistemology is the theory or science of the method or ground of knowledge and explains that what exists whitethorn be known, what can be known and what criteria must be convenient in order to be described as knowledge (Flowers, 2009). In addition to this, Chia (2002) describes epistemology as how and what it is possible to know, charm Hatch & Cunliffe (2006) characterise epistemology as well-read how you can know. Flowers (2009) discusses that, as with ontology, both objective epistemology and subjective epistemology views can exist. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2008) describe the way in which a universe of discourse can exist in view of an objective epistemology, as long as this is apparent and theory neutral spot, with a view of a subjective epistemology, no existence is possible to the apparent kind-hearted being being beyond our subjective observations and interpretations.The two articles happen away a difference in their epistemic approaches. In the quantitative study, the researcher only described the results in relation to a paradigm of positivism however, the aim of the researcher is not important in influencing the data of the research. On the other hand, regarding to interpretivist epistemo logy, the researcher gives a weight role which influences the research and the sense of the situations from the researchers point of view. good IssueEthics is one of the all important(p) settings in many sciences, especially in social sciences. May (2011) defines ethics as concerned with the attempt to formulate scratchs and principles of clean behaviour. All social researchers should pay attention to the social research ethics. Punch (2005) believes that all social researches should include ethical issues because social researchers deal with societies and peoples chance(a) lives fundamentally, all data derives from people. Therefore, it is not blowzy to avoid ethical issues in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, especially qualitative approaches. Punch (2005) also highlights the way in which the qualitative method approach is to a greater extent likely to study ethical issues as qualitative research focuses on the more sensitive issues in peoples lives.Tos study (2 006) asked caputs near the personal lives of the respondents for this reason he used a numerical code instead of actual names to give them independence and to launch them feel more comfortable. However, To did touch on the name of students who played roles in the social workers stories. Therefore, it can be argued that, on the one hand, that To mentioned a students name to try and show the school social workers achievements, in order to have positive operation on other social workers and advocate them to do the same. On the other hand, however, this could micturate ethical issues for the researcher and the school social workers because they mentioned other peoples real names, when they could have used codes or counterfeit names. In the case of Garretts study, which used comply Monkey as method for sucking data, he does not mention anything ethically relevant to the respondent. However, this website has some ethical issues for example, regarding to questions design, the res pondents should answer all questions before the survey can be submitted which means there is no right to avoid respondent some questions (Buchanan and Hvizdak, 2009).During the stop of research, it is important for the researchers to make ethical decisions and consider what is to benefit the respondents or their research process. moreover, they have to assess themselves by asking a number of ethical questions (May, 2011). The articles of this essay are about school social work, so all behaviours and relevant ethics are necessary for the researchers and social workers to consider.MethodologicalBoth articles have severalize methodological approaches which are representative of their philosophical positions (ontology, epistemology). This part will attempt to compare both research methods one of which is a quantitative method approach and the other is a qualitative method approach and highlights the differences of the samples, data collections, data analysis and research findings. T he two chosen pieces of research use different methods for data collection one used Survey Monkey and the other used a semi-structured wonder.The Quantitative research survey method is defined by Burton (2012) as a techniques that uses a large range quantitative research provides invaluable figures based on a large number of population that can be incredibly useful and reliable because statistic and numeric data give certain hardihood to the research.A Semi-structured interview is one of the types of interviews whereby the participants have more freedom and allows them to answer questions on their own terms, although it is still arranged and questions are specified (May, 1997). However, the strategy of choosing the samples for both methods is different.Regarding the question of the samples, there are great differences that can be seen. In Garretts study the sample composed a elegant list of members of the School Social Workers crosstie of America (SSWAA). They derived this lis t from 24 respondents from the unite States of America and Canada, who were acceptable to represent the SSWAA. The researcher divided the list into even and unmated members and randomly chose one of them to survey. Then the selected group participated in the survey after receiving an telecommunicate that invited them to participate and explained the purpose of the survey. In total, 245 workers were invited to participate in the survey. Some of the emails were undeliverable and some other members were not completed which meant only 73 respondents completed the survey. This number is about 30% of the potential sample (Garrett, 2012). On the other hand, the samples of Tos research participants were derived from 13 discordant organizations of welfare in Hong Kong. There were different genders involved, 10 female and 5 male, with an number age between 30-39 years old only 3 of the participants were in their mid-twenties and 1 was in their forties. On modal(a) they had about 7 year s experience as school social workers, while most of sample had a Masters degrees (To, 2006).With respect to data collection, during the period of March to June 2005, Tos research (2006) was carried out and the method for data collection was one-to-one semi-structured interviews. each(prenominal) interview was divided into part and each part was 1.5 hour. In Tos research the first part of the interview targeted the micro- and meso-sphere services of school social work, in the meantime the second part of the interview targeted the macro-sphere. Furthermore there were some questions about participants own stories and their services which were offered in their daily practices. However, in Garretts study the quantitative research was undertaken in February of 2009 using Survey Monkey, which is one of the most greenness websites used for creating surveys. The questionnaire consisted 25 short-answer questions that focussed on the types of records kept, what was included, decision-mak ing practices, use of the records, challenges, storage, disposal of closed records, entryway to records, and district policies (Garrett, 2012). However, the research had one qualitative question which was an open question that focused on the most challenging aspect of keeping records (Garrett, 2012).In the case of data analysis of Garretts research (2012), all 25 quantitative questions were analysed after downloaded into MINITAB 15. On the other hand, in the case of the qualitative question, this was analysed after being transcribed into countersign processing documents where it was defined and themes were coded, counted and summarized (Garrett, 2012). In foulness of Tos Hong Kongs research, the researcher touch on the data analysis, step-by-step after transcribing the narratives. At the beginning of this process, To read the transcripts twice to find meaningful units, and then converted these units to codes and began an improvement level of data analysis. Next, To found that u nhomogeneous stages of meaning were produced and arranged these as sub-themes. Finally, the researched choose out similar sub-themes to the main themes of his study. pertinent with the findings of Tos research, it was mentioned that together, the narratives showed a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional empowering practices of social workers in schools. To believed that these results would help other practitioners to deal with issues of empowerment. However, in Garretts study the more significant findings are that more than half of the participants could not successfully record assessment information and more than 75% of participants could not make decisions about closing a case. Therefore, the results of Garretts study should be organized with caution because there was a small size of respondents in relation to all the members of the SSWAA.In conclusion, this essay has tried to compare two social research articles which had similar topics but all in all different phi losophical, ethical and methodological perspectives. unity of these studies used a quantitative research approach and the other a qualitative. Each study was they carried out in different places, America and China respectively, and in different period times. Garretts 2012 article focuses on the positivism paradigm, which tried to find out about the knowledge gap about practices of record keeping by school social workers. The data in Garretts study was collected using Survey Monkey, and the numerical data was analysed. Tos 2006 research was based on a different reality and tried to investigate the role of school social workers in influence youth development and encouraging students to volunteer. The study used a semi-structured interview to collect data. The results showed that they had a live role in achieving empowerment. It can be seen, therefore, that it is significant for all social researchers to concern their philosophical, ethical and methodological positions when undertaki ng research.ReferencesBlaikie, N. (1993) Approaches to social enquiry principle press, Cambridge uk.Buchanan, A. & Hvizdak, E. (2009) Online survey tools ethical and methodological concerns of human research ethics committees, in journal of empirical research on human research ethics an international journal, 4 37-48.Chia, R. (2002) The production of management knowledge philosophical underpinnings of research design, in inwrought skills for management research, sage, London 1-18.Eriksson, P. & Kovalainen, A. (2008) Qualitative methods in business research, Sage.Flowers, P. (2009) Research philosophiesimportance and relevancy in Economic record, 3.Garrett, K. (2012) Managing school social work records, in Children & schools, 34 239-248.Hatch, M. J. & Cunliffe, A. (2006) organisation theory, Oxford university press Buckingham.May, T. (1997) Social research issues, methods and process, out-of-doors university press Buckingham.May, T. (2011) Social research issues, methods and rese arch, Mcgraw-Hill International.Punch, K. F. (2005) unveiling to social research quantitative and qualitative approaches, Sage.To, S. M. (2006), Empowering school social work practices for positive youth development hong kong experience, in Adolescence, 42 555-567.